Fashion Design Drawing

that the deltoid connection with biceps has a strongly defined outline when arm is in this position. Front view of the bones is shown at Fig. 8.

Note by the dotted line across that the inner hollow of arm is higher than elbow joint at back (see names for bones on Fig. 5, and compare position of shaded ulna). The two oval-shaped bones on top of humerus are part of the scapula (shaded), and the clavicle bone rests on these supports, the outer one being free to move up or down according to movement of arm. Muscles of arm in same position are shown in Fig. 9, the letters standing for the same names as for Figs. 6 and 7.

The following references will apply to Plate II, except where otherwise mentioned.

Back view of the arm muscles is shown at Fig. 10. Y is extensor primi internodii pollicis, its tendon running to the first phalange of thumb.

The other letters stand for the same names as for Fig. 6 of Plate 10.

The band across the wrist is called " annular ligament," and covers the base of the ulna and radius bones, which come close against the flesh, showing their shape very markedly.

The muscles of the arms run into tendons to move the thumb and fingers of the hand. Blocking shape at Fig. 12 gives the position for arm (Fig. 13), which is in a flexed position. When in this position note how the upper arm outline curves inward on being pressed close to body, and the elbow pronated outward.

In Fig. 13 note how the biceps bulges owing to the cramped position of muscle, causing a slight crease in the flesh. In this position the olecranon (elbow joint) projects prominently (Z), and is the end of the radius bone (see R running up to it). Its other end is at B, overlapping the ulna bone.

At A, Fig. 13, will be found the two prominent ends of

Fashion Design Drawing - The Arm 2.jpg

the humerus bone called the " external " and " internal " condoyles of the humerus. These bones, together with the olecranon, are very near the surface of flesh and show their shapes clearly, dimples forming in between.

Fig. 16 shows the elbow in rigid position. Very little prominence of the olecranon is seen as the upper and lower muscles bulge out and obscure it, also the condoyles of humerus press out and form a large dimple in between. Back view of elbow joint in Fig. 17 shows how the outlines of these bones affect the shape of the elbow when the lower arm is bent upwards.

Armpit muscles are shown in Fig. 14 ; they consist of the following